The only nation's flag to feature a map of the country itself in a golden silhouette is the flag of Cyprus. The flag shows a copper-gold colored map of the island of Cyprus above two olive branches on a white field. This distinctive design symbolizes peace between the Greek and Turkish communities on the island.
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In ChatGPT, the "GPT" stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer.
Generative means the model can generate text or other content.
Pre-trained refers to the model being initially trained on a large dataset to learn language patterns before being fine-tuned for specific tasks.
Transformer is the type of neural network architecture that allows the model to understand relationships and context within the input text.
So, GPT is a type of AI model designed to understand and generate human-like text based on input, making ChatGPT a conversational AI that responds naturally to questions and prompts.
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ChatGPT-4 is estimated to have approximately 1.8 trillion parameters. This figure is based on expert estimates, as OpenAI has not officially disclosed the exact number. The model's architecture reportedly includes multiple expert sub-models, each with around 220 billion parameters, summing to about 1.7-1.8 trillion in total.
The human brain contains about 86 billion neurons. However, when considering the parameters or effective connections (synapses) that influence brain processing, the estimated count is roughly between 100 trillion to 1,000 trillion (100 trillion to 1 quadrillion) synapses. These synaptic connections can be thought of loosely as the brain's parameters, making the brain's complexity many orders of magnitude greater than current AI models.
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The Durand Line is the highly disputed 2,640-km international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Established in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand and the Emir of Afghanistan, it served as the boundary between British India and Afghanistan. Crucially, it divides the Pashtun tribal areas. While internationally recognized as Pakistan's western border, Afghanistan has never formally accepted it, leading to ongoing geopolitical tension, border clashes, and issues with cross-border militancy.
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World Spine Day is observed annually on October 16 to raise awareness about spinal health, the prevention of spinal disorders, and the importance of proper spine care. It highlights the global burden of spinal pain and disability, which affects about one billion people worldwide and is the leading cause of disability globally. The day promotes healthy habits such as good posture, physical activity, ergonomic practices, and early intervention to maintain a healthy spine throughout life. World Spine Day is coordinated by the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) along with various international health organizations. Each year, the event adopts a theme to promote spinal health; for example, in 2025, the theme is "Invest in Your Spine," emphasizing prevention, rehabilitation, and policy support for spine care.
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The Sanskrit epic Ramayana, authored by Maharshi Valmiki, comprises nearly 24,000 shlokas and stands as a ‘Spiritual Ocean of Wisdom’ that not only narrates the legendary story of Rama but also serves as a lasting guide to ethical governance and moral conduct; especially highlighting how true leadership consults all opinions before granting refuge, as seen when Rama paused to deliberate before accepting the righteous defector Vibhishana, teaching that principled defection should arise from conscience, not self-interest—a lesson still relevant in today’s political landscape where ethical motivations are often overshadowed by opportunistic moves.
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Scientists are now able to attempt reversing extinction by using advanced technologies like cloning, genome editing (CRISPR), and back breeding to recreate lost animal species and restore biodiversity. In April 2025, researchers successfully used these methods to bring back the dire wolf, making it the first officially revived extinct species—an achievement that could lead to healthier ecosystems and improved conservation efforts through “resurrection biology”.
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